Spray foam insulation has been a popular choice in UK homes since the 1980s. It’s popular because it helps retain heat and reduces energy bills.
However, while it’s effective, it’s made from chemicals, and in some cases, it may cause health problems. This is especially true in older homes, where the foam might be an outdated formula that no longer meets modern safety standards.
In this blog, we’ll explain what spray foam is, the possible health risks, and what to do if you think it might be causing issues in your home.
What is Spray Foam Insulation made from?
Spray foam insulation is made from a mixture of chemicals, primarily isocyanates and polyols, which react when sprayed to form a thick foam that seals gaps and retains heat.
It is commonly used to seal lofts, roofs and wall cavities. Most spray foam products also contain additives such as flame retardants and stabilisers.
There are two types of spray foam used in UK homes:
- Closed-cell foam, which is dense and moisture-resistant
- Open-cell foam is lighter and more breathable.
While spray foam can be highly effective, it’s made from chemicals, so it’s important to be aware of potential health risks if it’s not handled or installed correctly.
Understanding VOCs and Off-Gassing
Spray foam insulation releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the curing process (the time it takes to harden fully). VOCs are chemicals that turn into gases at room temperature during the curing process.
These gases can sometimes continue to off-gas slowly for months or even years after installation, depending on the spray form formula used and the quality of its application.
Exposure to VOCs may cause symptoms such as:
- Eye, nose and throat irritation
- Headaches and dizziness
- Breathing difficulties
People with respiratory conditions may be more sensitive to these effects, which is why proper ventilation during and after installation is essential to minimise exposure and ensure air quality remains safe.
The Health Risks of Spray Foam Insulation
Spray foam insulation, when installed correctly and safely, can be an effective thermal barrier. However, it does come with risks, especially if the product is not applied correctly, is based on an outdated formula, or is installed without proper precautions.
1. Health risks during installation
When spray foam is freshly applied, it releases high levels of VOCs and isocyanates, which can cause the following symptoms:
- Coughing
- Sore throat
- Red or watery eyes
- Dizziness
- Difficulty breathing
Due to these risks, installers must wear complete protective equipment, and homeowners should stay out of the property during both the spraying and curing processes.
2. Long-term health concerns from poorly installed spray foam
Even after the foam has cured, it may continue to emit low levels of VOCs, especially if it was not applied correctly.
Poor installation can trap moisture inside walls, creating ideal conditions for mould to grow, which can trigger or worsen asthma and other respiratory issues.
Some homeowners have reported experiencing ongoing symptoms, such as headaches, fatigue, and sinus irritation, following poor installation.
3. Health concerns linked to older spray foam formulations
If your spray foam insulation is more than 10-15 years old, it may not meet today’s safety standards and could pose health risks.
Older spray formulations may contain higher levels of hazardous substances, such as formaldehyde, which can have significant health implications.
Over time, as these materials age and degrade, they can begin to release harmful chemicals into the air, potentially causing respiratory issues and other health problems.
What To Do If You Suspect a Problem
If your home has started to develop a strange chemical smell or persistent dampness, or you’ve noticed an increase in allergy or asthma symptoms, it could be due to an issue with your spray foam insulation.
Please do not attempt to remove it yourself. Disturbing spray foam can release more VOCs and worsen the issue. Instead:
- Contact a specialist for a full inspection
- They can test VOC levels and assess the condition of the foam
- You’ll receive expert guidance on whether repair, sealing, or complete removal is needed
Is Spray Foam Removal the Right Option for You?
Removing spray foam insulation is the safest and most effective solution. The benefits of removing spray foam from your home include the following:
- Improved air quality and reduced exposure to VOCs
- Peace of mind concerning health risks
- Potential for easier mortgage approval ( as some lenders are cautious about properties with spray foam insulation )
Spray foam removal should always be carried out by trained professionals using the right equipment to ensure the structure of your home isn’t damaged in the process.
Don’t take chances with your health or home. If you suspect a problem, contact the experts here at Remove Spray Foam for a safe, thorough assessment and, if needed, professional removal.
